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POWER
PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGIES |
Electrochemical Thermal Convertor
The electrochemical thermal convertor is a revolutionary technology for the direct conversion of low temperature heat into electricity based on a continuous regeneration of an electrolyte using the thermal energy of the heat source with an efficiency in the conversion of thermal to electrical energy of 75% - 85% depending on the temperature of the heat source. (temperature ranges: 50 - 90EC).
A large part of the converter could be made out of recycled plastic and rubber scrap (based on another proprietary technology) which leads to a low equipment costs. The economic life of the system is estimated to at least 20 years. The modular structure allows the fast replacements, which together with the low cost components leads accordingly to a low operation cost . The specific cost of the convertor (assuming a stabilized production in an East European plant) is projected to be under EUR 200/KW.
Energy Storage
Currently, the only viable energy storage solution is pumping water into reservoirs (high cost, environmentally complex and limited geographically). Experiments involving compressed air in subterranean deposits, super magnets, super electrochemical capacitors, or high RPM flywheels (200,000 rpm) are not yet close to industrial applications. Some existing metal hydride alloys based technologies (hydrogen as storage agent) have a low energy/volume ratio and a prohibitive cost.
The new energy storage technology secured by Lion Enegy allows the long term and low cost storage of energy using hydrogen as storage agent. The process consists of the catalytic hydrogenation of an aromatic compound used as support substance.
The storage takes place at normal temperature and pressure and is extremely stable with an energy density of approx. 2,200 KWh/m3 of support substance. The hydrogenation and then de-hydrogenation (for the release of hydrogen) have a combined energy efficiency of approx. 75%. (if heat released by the de-hydrogenation process is recovered, efficiency could be higher). A hydrogenation reactor with a volume of 1m3 can generate a flow of approx. 780 Nm3/h (2.7MWh). The cost of the equipment produced in Eastern Europe (not including the storage tank for the support substance) is under EUR 100/kW. (that is caloric energy released by combusting the hydrogen for 1 hour).
The support substance (together with the hydrogen and the energy contained) could be stored indefinitely at normal temperature and pressure or transported using components of the extensive infrastructure created by the oil industry, available in most geographical areas (tanks, pipes, oil terminals, rail or ocean tankers).
Solar Collectors
The thermal solar collectors are flat panels of proprietary design, with high thermal efficiency. The collectors are made out of a polymer with a high optical transparency and a high long term stability to photo and thermal degradation. The panels have a specific weight of approx. 15 - 20 Kg/m2, they cost 5 times less (under USD 2/sf) than existing collectors, are easy to replace and the high operating temperature makes them suitable for a large range of heating applications. Finally, they are recyclable.
There are two basic panel designs: based on either air or fluid. The air panels operate at lower temperature (40 - 100EC) and have a thermal efficiency of 75 - 85%. The panels using fluid are for high temperature applications (100EC - 180EC) and have a thermal effficienty of 65 - 75% with anticipated working temperatures between 120 - 160EC for heating (or cooling) cycles applications. (and also for the proprietary Lion Energy low temperature steam turbine).
Turbine
The turbine could be used in conjunction with any available heat source in a vast range of applications, (including the Lion Energy solar desalination plants) with superior operating parameters as compared to competing products on the market in terms of: cost, simplicity, flexibility, efficiency, endurance and maintenance:
Agent temperature: 70EC - 225EC (With slight decrease in efficiency at temperatures below 100 EC)
The turbine is designed to work at a 92% thermodynamic efficiency.
Input pressure: 3 - 25 BAR (based on seals available in Eastern Europe, higher with better seals)
Specific weight (for sizes over 500 Kw) : 3 - 1.5 Kg/Kw.
Manufacturing cost under EUR 20/KW. (For sizes over 100 kw, assuming a stabilized production in an East European plant).
Low operating temperatures and simplicity lead to low maintenance cost and long operating life.
The turbine has a high degree of flexibility:
Could operate within a large range of heat agent temperatures.
Could adjust to input agent fluctuations (30% up or down) with minor efficiency consequences.
With minor adjustments, the nominal power rating could be reconfigured up or down 50%.
Could be manufactured in any continuous size from 5 Kw - 8 Mw (based on current plant equipment resources, larger size in a better equipped manufacturing facility)
The RPM could be adjusted in the range of 750 - 6000 RPM.
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